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LOCALITY BASED DIFFERENCES AMONG TEACHERS’ INSTRUCTIONAL BEHAVIOR AT SECONDARY LEVEL

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Abid Khan , Dr. Rahmat Ullah Shah

January-June, 2017

ABSTRACT

The main aim of the study was to compare teacher instructional behaviors as perceived by their students at secondary level. The respondents of the study were 480 students including both male and female in district Bannu and Lakki Marwat. The researcher self-developed questionnaire was used to collect the data for the study. In order to find out the locality based differences among teachers instructional behavior at secondary level Independent sample t-test was used. Lesson clarity, instructional variety, teacher task orientation, teacher students' interaction and students’ engagements in learning process all these five domains were compared locality wise as teachers’ instructional behaviors. Result showed that no significance differences were found between the opinions of urban and rural students on these four domains while significant differences were found between instructional behaviors of rural and urban respondents. The major recommendation of the study is as the result reveals that there was a significance difference between urban and rural teacher’s views regarding lesson clarity domain of teacher instructional behavior. The p- value of rural teachers instructional behavior showed that the teacher do not make the lesson clear. For these purpose some sort of training should be arranged for rural teachers in these regards.

 Keywords: Teacher, Instructional behavior, Lesson clarity, Student engagement, Teacher task orientation

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PERCEIVED EFFECT OF THE USE OF REINFORCEMENT ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

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Dr. Gulap Shahzada, Mazhar Ullah Dawar, Zakia Tanzeela Fatima 

January-June, 2017

ABSRACT

This study design is survey type which aimed to examine the perceived effect of the use of reinforcement on students’ academic achievement. The researcher used self-developed questionnaire for data collection. The researcher randomly selected 300 students of secondary school level in district Bannu through multi stage cluster sampling technique. Mean, Standard deviation, t-test, Pearson coefficient correlation were used for data analysis. Results showed that positive reinforcement played a positive role in motivation of students towards getting education while students did not feel easy with negative reinforcement. It is suggested that teacher may use all type of positive reinforcement and avoid negative reinforcement during teaching-learning process. This study helps us to gain first-hand information about the effect of reinforcement on students’ academic achievement and adds a multiple scale of reinforcement to the existing literature.
 
Keywords: Reinforcement, Secondary school level, Academic achievement, Correlation

 

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CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT APPROACHES USED BY TEACHERS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS AT DISTRICT TOBA TEK SINGH

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Zainab Bibi, Dr. Safdar Rehman Ghazi, Sobia Rashid, Riaz Mustafa 

January-June, 2017

ABSRACT

Educational management in schools includes the application of management rules and the utilization of resources in order to achieve educational objectives .This article focused on three classroom management approaches i.e. Interventionist, Noninterventionist and Internationalist. All the teachers teaching at 8th class level in public elementary schools at district Toba Tek Singh were the population of the study. The sample was selected by simple random method. The sample size consisted of 320 teachers including 160 males and 160 females. This study was a survey type and descriptive in nature. The questionnaire comprising 30 items interventionist (13 items) non- interventionist (8 items), internationalist (9 items. Mean, SD and Multiple Linear Regression were used as statistical tests. It was found that the interactionist approach of classroom management has a very significant impact on the academic achievement of the students.
 
Keywords: Classroom Management, Classroom Management Approaches, Interventionist, Interactionist, Non-interventionist

 

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WORKING ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

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Dr. Safdar Rehman Ghazi, Dr. Rahmatullah Shah, Muhammad Naeem Khan, Inayatullah Khan, Muhammad Nazir Khan

January-June, 2017

ABSRACT

The developmental and smooth functioning of education system also depends upon gender and location wise equal infrastructure based on participation and cooperation. The basic aim of the study was to compare the gender and location wise opinions of secondary school teachers about the working environment in schools. While using a descriptive survey design, views of 295 secondary school teachers were taken on a five point likert scale. Both the gender wise and location wise differences in opinions were compared and independent t-test was applied. The results showed the significant differences in opinions of both categories of the teachers. Balanced physical and psychological environment in schools is suggested.
 
Keywords:

Working environment, Physical infrastructure, Psychological factors, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

 

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EFFECT OF ABA THERAPY ON AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

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Bushra Hanif, Dr. Safdar Rehman Ghazi, Dr. Gulap Shahzada

January-June, 2017

ABSRACT

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a brain disorder. There are three major domains: social impairment, communication difficulties, repetitive behaviours which are mostly discussed and described. Autism is a big health issue. The main objectives of the study were: to diagnose and assess Autism Spectrum Disorder among students of age 3-15 years and to investigate the individual effect of ABA therapy on ASD students’ academic achievement of age 3-15 years. An observational sheet was adapted by criteria given by DSM-5 and criteria exemplar by Laura Carpenter. Urdu version of the observational sheet was also developed. A pre-test and a post- test were developed for children. There was a significance difference between control and ABA groups after therapy. The performance of ABA group was better than the control group.
 
Keywords:    ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, ABA Therapy, Academic Achievement

 

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